On the numbers, a Engineering degree either never breaks even against going straight into work, or sits in a high automation-risk bracket. Worth weighing carefully before committing.
Starting salary
£32,400/yr
Salary at 10 years
£53,100/yr
Typical debt at graduation
£71,160
Worth it (vs. no degree) after
18 yrs post-grad
AI-automation risk
LOW
Degree required to enter field
Not always
Based on DfE LEO 2023–24 median graduate earnings and ONS ASHE 2025 salary data. Assumes Plan 5 student loan, £9,790 tuition/yr, £8,000 maintenance/yr over 4 years. Adjust the calculator below for your own scenario.
Engineering
Your 30-year debt lifecycle and AI-resilience risk, calculated.
01 — YOUR SCENARIO
Repayment plan
For students starting Sept 2023 onward · threshold £25,000 from April 2026 · interest RPI (3.2%) · written off after 40 yrs · gov.uk ↗
Salary assumption
P50 — median graduate earnings for this subject (DfE LEO 2023–24): £32,400 at graduation rising to £53,100 by year 10.
Both routes are compared at their median. Switch to see how the answer holds up if you land at the bottom or top of the range.
02 — THE VERDICT
RED
For Engineering, it takes 18 years to out-earn the no-degree route. Proceed with eyes open.
No degree required to enter this field
Worth it (vs. no degree) after
18 yrs post-grad
Engineering technician (apprenticeship) — from £24k at 18
Total borrowed at grad
£71,160
You will repay
£142,341
2.0× what you borrowed · 9% for all 40 yrs, then written off
Balance after 20 yrs
£83,437
+17% above borrowed
03 — SALARY VS. LOAN BALANCE
Yearly gross salary against your loan balance — rising with interest, falling with repayments, until it's cleared or written off.
Y0Y15Y30
Gross salary (per year)
Loan balance (total owed)
Engineering technician (apprenticeship) (no degree, per year)
Still £66,936 owed at year 30 — written off entirely at year 40 under Plan 5, after paying £142,341 in repayments.
Salary data: DfE LEO 2023–24 median graduate earnings.
04 — YEAR-BY-YEAR BREAKDOWN
The material impact, spelled out: gross salary, take-home after the 9% graduate tax, and what's still owed — on Plan 5, written off after 40 years.
Year
Gross
Take-home
Repayment
Loan balance
Year 0
£32k
£26k
£666
£76k
Year 2
£37k
£29k
£1k
£79k +4%
Year 5
£45k
£34k
£2k
£83k +5%
Year 10
£53k
£39k
£3k
£86k +4%
Year 20
£65k
£45k
£4k
£83k -3%
Year 30
£79k
£51k
£5k
£67k -20%
05 — DEGREE PATH VS. ALTERNATIVE PATH
Engineering doesn't strictly require a degree to enter. Cumulative net earnings, degree route vs. direct work / apprenticeship — the crossover is the moment the degree route pulls ahead.
Y0Y15Y30
Degree path (cumulative)
Alternative path (cumulative)
Crosses over at year 22 (18 yrs post-grad)
06 — AI-RESILIENCE
8/10
automation exposure for Engineering
Confidence: High
Physical systems design and on-site problem-solving keep this field comparatively insulated from generative automation.
07 — WHAT THE 9% ADDS UP TO
You will repay £142,341 over 40 years on Plan 5. That is the headline number — but money has a time value, and these are the same repayments valued as if invested instead, in a LISA (£4k/yr cap + 25% government bonus) with a Stocks & Shares ISA above it.
This is a yardstick for the size of the graduate tax, not a plan you can act on — almost nobody gets the degree without the loan, and you cannot opt out of the 9%. Read it as what the repayment stream is worth in economic terms, which is rather more than the £142,341 of cash it looks like. It is also not money the no-degree route would have: that path earns less to begin with. Whether the degree beats not going is the figure at the top of this page.
Assumes a 6% average annual return (long-run mid-point for a diversified stocks & shares portfolio, historically ranging ~4–8%/yr) — not guaranteed.
Year
LISA (+25% bonus)
Stocks & Shares ISA
Year 10
£24,784
£0
Year 20
£92,716
£0
Year 30
£229,959
£2,493
08 — SUMMARY
LIFETIME TAX — RECONSIDER
Engineering doesn't require a degree to enter, the alternative path stays ahead for years (or indefinitely), and automation exposure is low risk. As an investment, this doesn't pay off — it functions as a 9% tax on your income with no offsetting return.
TAKE IT WITH YOU
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THE NO-DEGREE ROUTE
Every figure above compares Engineering against engineering technician (apprenticeship), starting around £24k at 18. If that route interests you, these are the official entry paths — apprenticeships, college courses and direct application, with the GCSE and A-level requirements for each.